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2025 Volume 44 Issue 3
2025, 44(3): 100437
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100437
Abstract:
Direct synthesis of ammonia from air and water under ambient conditions is highly attractive for the research community and industries. The dynamic interplay between the fields of Li-NRR, Ca-NRR, and new NRR reactors holds promise for the continuous synthesis of ammonia and might help to solve the global energy crisis. Although the progress of Li-NRR, Ca-NRR, and NO3RR reactions has been proven feasible for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, many challenges, such as high cell voltage, high ohmic resistance and mass transport limitations, remain for NRR systems. More theoretical models and in situ/operando experiments need to be conducted to understand the reaction mechanism, which will shed light on the rational design of the NRR system.
Direct synthesis of ammonia from air and water under ambient conditions is highly attractive for the research community and industries. The dynamic interplay between the fields of Li-NRR, Ca-NRR, and new NRR reactors holds promise for the continuous synthesis of ammonia and might help to solve the global energy crisis. Although the progress of Li-NRR, Ca-NRR, and NO3RR reactions has been proven feasible for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, many challenges, such as high cell voltage, high ohmic resistance and mass transport limitations, remain for NRR systems. More theoretical models and in situ/operando experiments need to be conducted to understand the reaction mechanism, which will shed light on the rational design of the NRR system.
2025, 44(3): 100439
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100439
Abstract:
However, while solar-driven heterogeneous water disinfection nano-systems have shown promising results, several issues remain unresolved. Firstly, the limited penetration depth of light restricts photocatalytic disinfection to the water surface, reducing its effective treatment area and limiting its ability to address deeper layers of water. This constraint affects its efficacy in large water bodies. Additionally, although these systems offer regeneration capabilities, the recovery of nanoscale materials remains challenging due to their small size. Furthermore, the high catalytic activity of these materials makes them susceptible to degradation from ROSs generated during the process, leading to potential material failure and residuals in the water. Moreover, contemporary water pollution involves not only microorganisms but also a complex mixture of chemical substances, organic compounds, and heavy metal ions, complicating the effectiveness of single photocatalytic approaches. Therefore, a more comprehensive exploration of water purification methods is needed to develop more effective solutions.
However, while solar-driven heterogeneous water disinfection nano-systems have shown promising results, several issues remain unresolved. Firstly, the limited penetration depth of light restricts photocatalytic disinfection to the water surface, reducing its effective treatment area and limiting its ability to address deeper layers of water. This constraint affects its efficacy in large water bodies. Additionally, although these systems offer regeneration capabilities, the recovery of nanoscale materials remains challenging due to their small size. Furthermore, the high catalytic activity of these materials makes them susceptible to degradation from ROSs generated during the process, leading to potential material failure and residuals in the water. Moreover, contemporary water pollution involves not only microorganisms but also a complex mixture of chemical substances, organic compounds, and heavy metal ions, complicating the effectiveness of single photocatalytic approaches. Therefore, a more comprehensive exploration of water purification methods is needed to develop more effective solutions.
2025, 44(3): 100442
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100442
Abstract:
In conclusion, MoO3-restricted CoMo-LDH exhibits excellent OER activity and stability in seawater electrolysis. The regulation of the interface by this ultrathin MoO3 layer promotes the formation of CoMo-LDH as the highly active phase. Furthermore, the in-situ formation of the MoO3 layer plays a crucial role in shielding Cl from the catalytic active interface, decelerating the corrosion rate of the catalyst. Collectively, this study not only developed a potent and stable catalyst for leveraging vast seawater resources in substantial hydrogen production but also revealed a mechanism for constrained dynamic surface reconstruction, thus providing valuable insights for designing efficient and robust LDH-type catalysts.
In conclusion, MoO3-restricted CoMo-LDH exhibits excellent OER activity and stability in seawater electrolysis. The regulation of the interface by this ultrathin MoO3 layer promotes the formation of CoMo-LDH as the highly active phase. Furthermore, the in-situ formation of the MoO3 layer plays a crucial role in shielding Cl from the catalytic active interface, decelerating the corrosion rate of the catalyst. Collectively, this study not only developed a potent and stable catalyst for leveraging vast seawater resources in substantial hydrogen production but also revealed a mechanism for constrained dynamic surface reconstruction, thus providing valuable insights for designing efficient and robust LDH-type catalysts.
2025, 44(3): 100444
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100444
Abstract:
In summary, the construction of CMASEI plays a crucial role in improving the application of silicon anode materials. After reasonable molecularly modified coating of ASEI, the kinetics of lithium-ion transport on the surface of silicon-based anode materials showed significant improvement. This not only effectively increased the initial Coulombic efficiency and reduced the consumption of active lithium, but also ensured the structural stability of the silicon-based anode. These molecular strategies can directionally introduce the effective components of SEI, guiding the directional transport of ions and shortening the transport distance, thereby ensuring the stable electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes. Consequently, this has become one of the crucial technologies in the research of silicon anode. However, there are also some problems in constructing CMASEI of silicon-based anode in this way. First, the design must enable the generation of components within the SEI, which limits the use of materials with high ionic conductivity. Furthermore, to prevent the oxidation of products during subsequent lithiation, stringent reaction conditions are required. Therefore, we put forward several prospects. Developing high ionic conductivity, non-lithium ion-based nano-protective layers could be an intriguing approach for constructing CMASEI. Additionally, CMASEI for aqueous silicon-based anode deserves greater attention.
In summary, the construction of CMASEI plays a crucial role in improving the application of silicon anode materials. After reasonable molecularly modified coating of ASEI, the kinetics of lithium-ion transport on the surface of silicon-based anode materials showed significant improvement. This not only effectively increased the initial Coulombic efficiency and reduced the consumption of active lithium, but also ensured the structural stability of the silicon-based anode. These molecular strategies can directionally introduce the effective components of SEI, guiding the directional transport of ions and shortening the transport distance, thereby ensuring the stable electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes. Consequently, this has become one of the crucial technologies in the research of silicon anode. However, there are also some problems in constructing CMASEI of silicon-based anode in this way. First, the design must enable the generation of components within the SEI, which limits the use of materials with high ionic conductivity. Furthermore, to prevent the oxidation of products during subsequent lithiation, stringent reaction conditions are required. Therefore, we put forward several prospects. Developing high ionic conductivity, non-lithium ion-based nano-protective layers could be an intriguing approach for constructing CMASEI. Additionally, CMASEI for aqueous silicon-based anode deserves greater attention.
2025, 44(3): 100447
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100447
Abstract:
The field of MOF design and synthesis is rapidly evolving, with the application of topology becoming a powerful instrument for understanding and manipulating their intricate architectures. The integration of artificial intelligence technology enables material customization. This convergence facilitates application-oriented material design and targeted synthesis, ensuring that the synthesized materials meet specific stability and photoelectrical requirements for their intended applications. The synthesis of MOFs will thus become more precise and efficient, achieving true material customization.
The field of MOF design and synthesis is rapidly evolving, with the application of topology becoming a powerful instrument for understanding and manipulating their intricate architectures. The integration of artificial intelligence technology enables material customization. This convergence facilitates application-oriented material design and targeted synthesis, ensuring that the synthesized materials meet specific stability and photoelectrical requirements for their intended applications. The synthesis of MOFs will thus become more precise and efficient, achieving true material customization.
2025, 44(3): 100448
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100448
Abstract:
Overall, the concept of ionic potential or cationic polarization factor is an effective tool to understand the structural regulations of Li3±mMnX6 halides by changing the cation concentrations and mixture rate of multivalent cations, and it also accelerates the exploration and design of lithium halide superionic conductors, which are very challenging to assess with quantum chemistry methods, such as density functional theory calculations. Besides, we expect that the descriptors of ionic potential and cationic polarization factor would be also helpful to the further modification of metrics of the tolerance factor for halide type perovskite materials by further considering the ionic charge number rather than just the ionic radius effect. However, it's worth noting that the ionic potential model is non-universal for all lithium compounds. For lithium halides, especially lithium chlorides, lithium halides can be regarded as the ideal ionic compounds, and the ionic potential model with only considering the classical electrostatic interactions is feasible. However, for other compounds with more covalent interactions, the ionic electrostatic potential model is likely to be questionable for describing the atom rearrangement and phase transition.
Overall, the concept of ionic potential or cationic polarization factor is an effective tool to understand the structural regulations of Li3±mMnX6 halides by changing the cation concentrations and mixture rate of multivalent cations, and it also accelerates the exploration and design of lithium halide superionic conductors, which are very challenging to assess with quantum chemistry methods, such as density functional theory calculations. Besides, we expect that the descriptors of ionic potential and cationic polarization factor would be also helpful to the further modification of metrics of the tolerance factor for halide type perovskite materials by further considering the ionic charge number rather than just the ionic radius effect. However, it's worth noting that the ionic potential model is non-universal for all lithium compounds. For lithium halides, especially lithium chlorides, lithium halides can be regarded as the ideal ionic compounds, and the ionic potential model with only considering the classical electrostatic interactions is feasible. However, for other compounds with more covalent interactions, the ionic electrostatic potential model is likely to be questionable for describing the atom rearrangement and phase transition.
2025, 44(3): 100443
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100443
Abstract:
These elastic ferroelectrics and ferroelectric elastomers have broad application prospects in wearable electronic devices, ferroelectric information storage, and dielectric actuation. However, the piezoelectric and dielectric constants of elastic ferroelectrics we have prepared are still relatively lower compared to those of inorganic ferroelectric ceramics. Additionally, ferroelectric elastomers with high dielectric constants exhibit relatively high dielectric loss. Therefore, future research should focus on enhancing and optimizing these properties. The “slight-cross-linking” method for preparing intrinsically elastic ferroelectrics offers a novel pathway for tuning ferroelectric properties. We believe this research field has significant application potential, bridging the gap between ferroelectric materials and emerging wearable electronic devices. It is expected to drive advancements in wearable flexible electronics, actuation, sensing, and information storage.
These elastic ferroelectrics and ferroelectric elastomers have broad application prospects in wearable electronic devices, ferroelectric information storage, and dielectric actuation. However, the piezoelectric and dielectric constants of elastic ferroelectrics we have prepared are still relatively lower compared to those of inorganic ferroelectric ceramics. Additionally, ferroelectric elastomers with high dielectric constants exhibit relatively high dielectric loss. Therefore, future research should focus on enhancing and optimizing these properties. The “slight-cross-linking” method for preparing intrinsically elastic ferroelectrics offers a novel pathway for tuning ferroelectric properties. We believe this research field has significant application potential, bridging the gap between ferroelectric materials and emerging wearable electronic devices. It is expected to drive advancements in wearable flexible electronics, actuation, sensing, and information storage.
2025, 44(3): 100445
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100445
Abstract:
In summary, a stable EuIII-based metal-organic framework, IMU-106, was constructed using the solvent thermal method. IMU-106 demonstrates good anti-interference capabilities, cycle stability and excellent luminescent performance, which can be used as a sensitive, selective and convenient fluorescence sensor for BzH and its analogues. In particular, the film based on IMU-106 also exhibits a good response to BzH vapor and significant fluorescence weakened to BzH vapor, thus enabling visual detection even at trace levels. The successful exploit of IMU-106-based film provides a simple, convenient, and efficient platform for BzH vapor detection.
In summary, a stable EuIII-based metal-organic framework, IMU-106, was constructed using the solvent thermal method. IMU-106 demonstrates good anti-interference capabilities, cycle stability and excellent luminescent performance, which can be used as a sensitive, selective and convenient fluorescence sensor for BzH and its analogues. In particular, the film based on IMU-106 also exhibits a good response to BzH vapor and significant fluorescence weakened to BzH vapor, thus enabling visual detection even at trace levels. The successful exploit of IMU-106-based film provides a simple, convenient, and efficient platform for BzH vapor detection.
2025, 44(3): 100513
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100513
Abstract:
In summary, we have employed the planar achiral Py molecule and chiral naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycle R-NDI as donor and acceptor to synthesize organic cocrystals R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py through outer-surface π-π interactions. The supramolecular donor-acceptor co-assembly approach and the consiquent intermolecular CT interactions inherited and improved the circular polarized luminescence activity of R-NDI and S-NDI precursors, endowing R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py a rare deep-red and NIR emission at 672 nm with the maximum luminescent asymmetric g factor (glum) of -1.4 * 10-2 and +1.3 * 10-2. It also promoted the TPA property of R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py, resulting in a deep-red and NIR emission centered on 680 nm, with a 184 nm red-shift compared with R-NDI and S-NDI precursors, and the TPA cross-section at 810 nm can be calculated up to 2.277 * 103 GM. The fluorescence, CPL and TPA experiments, crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculation demonstrate the adjustability of the packing mode in the D–A self-assembly system, thereby offering an effective strategy for designing and synthesizing multi-functional crystalline optical materials.
In summary, we have employed the planar achiral Py molecule and chiral naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycle R-NDI as donor and acceptor to synthesize organic cocrystals R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py through outer-surface π-π interactions. The supramolecular donor-acceptor co-assembly approach and the consiquent intermolecular CT interactions inherited and improved the circular polarized luminescence activity of R-NDI and S-NDI precursors, endowing R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py a rare deep-red and NIR emission at 672 nm with the maximum luminescent asymmetric g factor (glum) of -1.4 * 10-2 and +1.3 * 10-2. It also promoted the TPA property of R-NDI-Py and S-NDI-Py, resulting in a deep-red and NIR emission centered on 680 nm, with a 184 nm red-shift compared with R-NDI and S-NDI precursors, and the TPA cross-section at 810 nm can be calculated up to 2.277 * 103 GM. The fluorescence, CPL and TPA experiments, crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculation demonstrate the adjustability of the packing mode in the D–A self-assembly system, thereby offering an effective strategy for designing and synthesizing multi-functional crystalline optical materials.
2025, 44(3): 100518
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100518
Abstract:
Hydrogels possess significant potential for the development of multifunctional soft materials in smart sensors and wearable devices, attributed to their distinctive properties of softness, conductivity, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, their widespread application is frequently limited by inadequate mechanical strength and strain capacity. This study introduces a meticulously engineered hydrogel system, LM/SA/P(AAM-co-BMA), which integrates eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn) as both a polymerization initiator and a flexible filler. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates remarkable tensile strain capabilities of up to 2800% and a tensile strength of 2.3 MPa, achieved through a synergistic interplay of ionic coordination, hydrogen bonding, and physical polymer interactions. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, recyclability, and stable long-term storage, rendering it an ideal candidate for the continuous monitoring of high-intensity physical activities.
Hydrogels possess significant potential for the development of multifunctional soft materials in smart sensors and wearable devices, attributed to their distinctive properties of softness, conductivity, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, their widespread application is frequently limited by inadequate mechanical strength and strain capacity. This study introduces a meticulously engineered hydrogel system, LM/SA/P(AAM-co-BMA), which integrates eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn) as both a polymerization initiator and a flexible filler. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates remarkable tensile strain capabilities of up to 2800% and a tensile strength of 2.3 MPa, achieved through a synergistic interplay of ionic coordination, hydrogen bonding, and physical polymer interactions. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, recyclability, and stable long-term storage, rendering it an ideal candidate for the continuous monitoring of high-intensity physical activities.
2025, 44(3): 100519
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100519
Abstract:
Ni-based electrocatalysts are considered a promising choice for urea-assisted hydrogen production. However, its application remains challenging owing to the high occupancy of d orbital at the Ni site, which suppresses the reactant adsorption to achieve satisfactory urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Herein, the WO3 site with empty d orbital is introduced into Ni3S2 to construct dual active sites for regulating the adsorption of reactive molecules. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that the electron transfer from Ni3S2 to WO3 forms electron-deficient Ni with sufficient empty d orbitals for optimizing urea/H2O adsorption and tuning the adsorption behavior of the amino and carbonyl groups in urea. Consequently, the Ni3S2-WO3/NF presents a remarkably low potential of 1.38 V to reach 10 mA cm-2 for UOR-assisted HER. This work highlights the significance of constructing synergistic dual active sites toward developing advanced catalysts for urea-assisted hydrogen production.
Ni-based electrocatalysts are considered a promising choice for urea-assisted hydrogen production. However, its application remains challenging owing to the high occupancy of d orbital at the Ni site, which suppresses the reactant adsorption to achieve satisfactory urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Herein, the WO3 site with empty d orbital is introduced into Ni3S2 to construct dual active sites for regulating the adsorption of reactive molecules. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that the electron transfer from Ni3S2 to WO3 forms electron-deficient Ni with sufficient empty d orbitals for optimizing urea/H2O adsorption and tuning the adsorption behavior of the amino and carbonyl groups in urea. Consequently, the Ni3S2-WO3/NF presents a remarkably low potential of 1.38 V to reach 10 mA cm-2 for UOR-assisted HER. This work highlights the significance of constructing synergistic dual active sites toward developing advanced catalysts for urea-assisted hydrogen production.
2025, 44(3): 100535
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100535
Abstract:
Acidic-stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts based on earth-abundant materials are important but rare for the proton exchange membrane-based water electrolysis. In this study, a metal-containing hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) of manganese coordinated with 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate ligands, Mn(bda), interconnected through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking is used as a heterogeneous OER catalyst (Mn(bda)-HOF) for acidic water oxidation and exhibits a considerable OER performance. Electrochemical results show that Mn(bda)-HOF displays a turn of frequency of 1 s-1 at an overpotential of 870 mV. Meanwhile, this Mn(bda)-HOF shows an unusual pH dependence on performance, where the reaction rate increases with the decrease of pH. A comprehensive mechanistic study reveals that the charge transfer triggered coupling of two metal-oxo species Mn5+(O) is the rate-determining step, which leads to this unusual pH dependence on the OER performance.
Acidic-stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts based on earth-abundant materials are important but rare for the proton exchange membrane-based water electrolysis. In this study, a metal-containing hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) of manganese coordinated with 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate ligands, Mn(bda), interconnected through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking is used as a heterogeneous OER catalyst (Mn(bda)-HOF) for acidic water oxidation and exhibits a considerable OER performance. Electrochemical results show that Mn(bda)-HOF displays a turn of frequency of 1 s-1 at an overpotential of 870 mV. Meanwhile, this Mn(bda)-HOF shows an unusual pH dependence on performance, where the reaction rate increases with the decrease of pH. A comprehensive mechanistic study reveals that the charge transfer triggered coupling of two metal-oxo species Mn5+(O) is the rate-determining step, which leads to this unusual pH dependence on the OER performance.
2025, 44(3): 100540
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100540
Abstract:
Separation of ternary C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, i.e., benzene/cyclohexene/cyclohexane mixtures, is crucial but challenging in the petrochemical industry due to their extremely similar molecular sizes and physical properties. Here, we design and synthesize a new Zn-based metal azolate framework (MAF), MAF-40, with a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like framework and 1D sugar-coated-berry type pore channels. By virtue of the strong coordination bonds and abundant trifluoromethyl groups embedded in the pores, MAF-40 exhibits excellent thermal stability (up to 400 °C) and acid-base stability (within a pH range of 3–11). Moreover, MAF-40 shows ultrahigh benzene selectivity (38.8) from the ternary benzene/cyclohexene/cyclohexane mixtures, attributed to the strong adsorption affinity from fluorine for benzene and markedly different guest diffusion limited by the small aperture, which are confirmed by computational simulations and infrared spectra. Thus, the results indicated that MAF-40 would be a candidate adsorbent for the separation and purification of benzene from C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, and this work provides a new insight of synthesizing stable MOF materials for separating multicomponent chemical mixtures.
Separation of ternary C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, i.e., benzene/cyclohexene/cyclohexane mixtures, is crucial but challenging in the petrochemical industry due to their extremely similar molecular sizes and physical properties. Here, we design and synthesize a new Zn-based metal azolate framework (MAF), MAF-40, with a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb-like framework and 1D sugar-coated-berry type pore channels. By virtue of the strong coordination bonds and abundant trifluoromethyl groups embedded in the pores, MAF-40 exhibits excellent thermal stability (up to 400 °C) and acid-base stability (within a pH range of 3–11). Moreover, MAF-40 shows ultrahigh benzene selectivity (38.8) from the ternary benzene/cyclohexene/cyclohexane mixtures, attributed to the strong adsorption affinity from fluorine for benzene and markedly different guest diffusion limited by the small aperture, which are confirmed by computational simulations and infrared spectra. Thus, the results indicated that MAF-40 would be a candidate adsorbent for the separation and purification of benzene from C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, and this work provides a new insight of synthesizing stable MOF materials for separating multicomponent chemical mixtures.
2025, 44(3): 100543
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100543
Abstract:
The degradation of organic pollutants in water is a critical environmental challenge. The iron-doped MoS2 catalysts have demonstrated potential in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for environmental remediation, but they face challenges such as poor conductivity, limited electron transfer efficiency, and a scarcity of active sites. To address these issues, we successfully synthesized a nano-flowers FeS/MoS2 composite derived from polyoxometalates (NH4)3[Fe(III)Mo6O24H6]·6H2O (denoted as FeMo6) as the bimetallic precursors. This synthesis strategy enhances the interaction between FeS and MoS2, thereby facilitating electron transfer. Notably, the introduction of sulfur vacancies in FeS/MoS2 exposes additional Mo4+ active sites, facilitating the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ and accelerating the regeneration of Fe2+, which in turn enhances PMS activation. Therefore, a catalytic oxidation system of FeS/MoS2/PMS is presented that primarily relies on SO4·- and ·OH, with 1O2 as a supplementary oxidant. This system exhibits exceptional degradation efficiency for p-chlorophenol (4-CP), achieving 100% degradation within 10 minutes over a wide pH range of 2.4 to 8.4. The robust performance and wide applicability of FeS/MoS2 catalyst make it a promising candidate in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for environmental remediation.
The degradation of organic pollutants in water is a critical environmental challenge. The iron-doped MoS2 catalysts have demonstrated potential in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for environmental remediation, but they face challenges such as poor conductivity, limited electron transfer efficiency, and a scarcity of active sites. To address these issues, we successfully synthesized a nano-flowers FeS/MoS2 composite derived from polyoxometalates (NH4)3[Fe(III)Mo6O24H6]·6H2O (denoted as FeMo6) as the bimetallic precursors. This synthesis strategy enhances the interaction between FeS and MoS2, thereby facilitating electron transfer. Notably, the introduction of sulfur vacancies in FeS/MoS2 exposes additional Mo4+ active sites, facilitating the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ and accelerating the regeneration of Fe2+, which in turn enhances PMS activation. Therefore, a catalytic oxidation system of FeS/MoS2/PMS is presented that primarily relies on SO4·- and ·OH, with 1O2 as a supplementary oxidant. This system exhibits exceptional degradation efficiency for p-chlorophenol (4-CP), achieving 100% degradation within 10 minutes over a wide pH range of 2.4 to 8.4. The robust performance and wide applicability of FeS/MoS2 catalyst make it a promising candidate in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for environmental remediation.
2025, 44(3): 100520
doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100520
Abstract:
Hydrogen is a critical renewable energy source in the energy transition. However, water electrolysis, which is the primary technique for achieving large-scale and low-carbon hydrogen production, still suffers from high production costs and energy consumption. The key is to develop highly efficient electrochemical water splitting catalysts. In recent years, the preparation of electrocatalysts via plasma treatment has gained recognition for its rapid, eco-friendly, and controllable properties, especially in the optimization of nano-microstructure. This review comprehensively summarized the impact of plasma treatment on the nano-microstructure of water electrolysis catalysts, encompassing dispersion enhancement, morphology modulation, surface functionalization, defect construction, and element doping. These impacts on the nano-microstructure increase the surface area, modify the pore structure, introduce active sites, and regulate the electronic environment, thereby promoting the water splitting performance of electrocatalysts. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential opportunities are discussed for the future development of plasma treatment. This review would be a valuable reference for plasma-assisted electrocatalyst synthesis and mechanism understanding in plasma impact on nano-microstructure.
Hydrogen is a critical renewable energy source in the energy transition. However, water electrolysis, which is the primary technique for achieving large-scale and low-carbon hydrogen production, still suffers from high production costs and energy consumption. The key is to develop highly efficient electrochemical water splitting catalysts. In recent years, the preparation of electrocatalysts via plasma treatment has gained recognition for its rapid, eco-friendly, and controllable properties, especially in the optimization of nano-microstructure. This review comprehensively summarized the impact of plasma treatment on the nano-microstructure of water electrolysis catalysts, encompassing dispersion enhancement, morphology modulation, surface functionalization, defect construction, and element doping. These impacts on the nano-microstructure increase the surface area, modify the pore structure, introduce active sites, and regulate the electronic environment, thereby promoting the water splitting performance of electrocatalysts. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential opportunities are discussed for the future development of plasma treatment. This review would be a valuable reference for plasma-assisted electrocatalyst synthesis and mechanism understanding in plasma impact on nano-microstructure.
