含能材料自出现以来就在民生、国防领域发挥巨大作用。本文作为一篇科普文章，通过拟人的手法，简单介绍了含能材料的基本种类、基本性质，并着重介绍一些重要含能材料的性质和应用。希望能增强读者对含能材料的兴趣，引发读者对含能材料的思考，从而打破对含能材料认知的固有印象。

对分析化学实验“分光光度法测定水和废水中总磷”进行改进：以绿色无毒的麦饭石为载体，制备ZnFe-LDHs (层状双金属氢氧化物)改性麦饭石吸附材料，运用FTIR、XRD、SEM、EDS-mapping等手段进行表征，探索出ZnFe-LDHs改性麦饭石对磷的最优吸附处理条件，去除率大于98.4%。含磷废水经改性麦饭石吸附处理后,磷的浓度小于0.08 mg∙L⁻¹，符合磷一级排放标准。该改进实验内容丰富，综合性强，学生在践行“绿色化学”理念中,综合研究能力和团队协作能力得到培养提升，适合推广至本科生高年级教学。

含氮杂环类化合物广泛存在于自然界，具有多种生物活性。近几年，使用含氮环烷烃作为原料合成含氮芳烃成为目前的一个研究热点，该方法无需导向基团，可选择性地一步实现C—C、C—N、C—S和C—Se键的构建和芳构化。本文整理了近年来有关该方法构建功能化喹啉和吲哚的文献报道，进行了系统的梳理和综述，并对该领域未来的发展作出展望。

Five cadmium naphthalene-diphosphonates, formulated as [Cd_1.5(1,4-ndpaH₂)₂(4,4′-bpyH)(4,4′-bpy)_0.5(H₂O)₂]₂ (1), [Cd(1,4-ndpaH₂)(1,4-bib)_0.5(H₂O)] (2), [Cd(1,4-ndpaH₃)₂(1,2-dpe)(H₂O)]·(1,2-dpe)·7H₂O (3), (1,2-bixH)[Cd₃(1,4-ndpaH)(1,4-ndpaH₂)₂(H₂O)₂] (4), and [Cd(1,4-ndpaH₂)(H₂O)]·H₂O (5), have been synthesized from the self-assembly reactions of 1,4-naphthalenediphosphonic acid (1,4-ndpaH₄) with Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O by introducing auxiliary ligands with variation of rigidity, such as 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene (1,4-bib), 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (1,2-dpe), 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane (1,3-dpp), and bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (1,2-bix), respectively. Structure resolution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that compound 1 possesses a layered framework, in which the {Cd₃(PO₂)₂} trimers made up of corner-sharing two {CdO₄N₂} and one {CdO₆} octahedra are connected by phosphonate groups, forming a ribbon, which are cross-linked by 4,4′-bipy ligands, forming a 2D layer. Compound 2 shows a 3D open-framework structure, where chains of corner-sharing {CdO₄N} trigonal bipyramids and {PO₃C} tetrahedra are cross-linked by 1,4-bib and/or phosphonate groups. A 1D ladder-like chain structure is found in compound 3, where the ladder-like chains made up of corner-sharing {CdO₅N} octahedra and {PO₃C} tetrahedra are connected by 1,4-ndpaH₂^2-. Both compounds 4 and 5 obtained by the introduction of flexible ligands during the synthesis show a 2D layered structure, which is formed by ligand crosslinking double metal chains. Interestingly, In 4, flexible 1,2-bix was singly protonated, as guest molecules, filled between layer and layer, while flexible ligand 1,3-dpp is absent in 5. Photophysical measurements indicate that compounds 1-5 show ligand-centered emissions.

用2，5-二(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)对苯二甲酰肼(BMTH)和1，3，5-三甲氧基-2，4，6-三甲酰基苯(TpOMe)缩聚，基于界面聚合法，在多孔三氧化二铝(AAO)基底上制备出一种二维共价有机骨架(COF)膜TpOMe-BMTH，并研究了所得膜材料对锂、镁离子的分离性能。结果显示，TpOMe-BMTH/AAO膜具有高的结晶性和良好的稳定性，并表现出优异的金属离子选择性，在LiCl(0.1 mol·L^-1)和MgCl₂(0.1 mol·L^-1)组成的二元混合离子体系中，对Li⁺/Mg²⁺的分离因子高达258。基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法计算表明，材料孔道中的富氧低聚醚链对Li⁺和Mg²⁺的结合能分别为-282.69和-13.46 kJ·mol^-1，使材料表现出强的亲锂特性，促进了Li⁺沿着COF膜的一维孔道进行吸附扩散，最终实现锂、镁离子的高效分离。

化学综合实验在大学化学教学中处于基础核心地位。作者结合团队最新研究成果，设计了一个可见光诱导合成含硒七元氮杂中环的综合实验。通过底物设计制备→可见光催化合成→结构表征分析等环节，对学生连续多步合成操作、过程分析和结构解析等技能进行系统训练，培养学生学习的系统性、全面性。在此基础上，学生可以充分了解光化学反应的前沿和优势，培养学生绿色化学意识。

在3，5‐二硝基苯甲酸(3，5‐HDNBA)、4‐吡唑羧酸(4‐H₂PyC)或对乙基苯甲酸(4‐HEBA)存在下，Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O与1，2，4，5‐四(4‐乙烯基吡啶基)苯(tkpvb)发生溶剂热反应，制备了[Zn(tkpvb)(3，5‐DNBA)₂]_n (CP1)、{[Zn(tkpvb)(4‐PyC)]·2H₂O]}_n (CP2)和{[Zn(tkpvb)_0.5(4‐EBA)₂]·H₂O}_n (CP3)三种Zn(Ⅱ)基配位聚合物(CPs)。通过红外光谱、元素分析、粉末X射线衍射和单晶X射线衍射对它们进行了结构表征。CP1具有一维“之”字形链状结构，CP2和 CP3则分别呈现六连接和四连接的三维拓扑结构。CP1~CP3均表现出光致发光现象，对无机金属离子有一定的响应性能。其中，Fe³⁺离子对CP1的荧光强度影响最大，检测限达到0.020 μmol·L^-1。这可能是Fe³⁺与CP1中不配位的吡啶基之间的相互作用引起的。

Two new Mn(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, namely {[Mn₂(HL)(phen)₃(H₂O)₂]·7.5H₂O}_n (1) and [Mn₄(HL)₂(1, 4-bib)₃(H₂O)₂]_n (2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using Mn(Ⅱ) ions and 6-(3′, 4′-dicarboxylphenoxy)-1, 2, 4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H₅L) in the presence of N-auxiliary ligands 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) and 1, 4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene (1, 4-bib). The structures of coordination polymers 1 and 2 were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that 1 has a 1D chain structure based on binuclear Mn(Ⅱ) units, while 2 features a (3, 8)-connected 3D network structure based on tetranuclear Mn(Ⅱ) units. Magnetic studies show that 1 and 2 exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions between manganese ions. 2 shows stronger antiferromagnetic interactions due to the shorter Mn…Mn distances within the tetranuclear manganese units.

由5-溴水杨酸(H₂BBA)合成了钠(Ⅰ)/镉(Ⅱ)配合物[Na (HBBA)]_n(1)和[Cd (HBBA)₂(4，4'-Bipy)]_n(2)(H₂BBA=5-溴水杨酸，4，4'-Bipy=4，4'-联吡啶)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重、粉末X射线衍射和单晶X射线衍射表征了其结构。配合物1的不对称单元中有1个钠离子和1个HBBA^-。钠离子是六配位的三棱柱构型，HBBA^-配体的3个氧原子分别与2个钠离子配位，连接相邻的钠离子形成了3条一维链结构，HBBA^-配体连接相邻的3条一维链形成了二维网络结构。分子间氢键连接相邻的二维网络结构形成了三维氢键网络结构。配合物2中有1个镉离子、2个HBBA^-和1个4，4'-Bipy。镉离子是六配位的扭曲八面体构型，4，4'-Bipy配体连接相邻的2个镉离子形成了一维链结构。分子间氢键连接相邻的一维链结构形成了三维氢键网络结构。通过Hirshfeld表面和指纹图分析了配合物晶体中的弱分子间作用力。详细研究了配合物1和2的热稳定性和抑菌活性。

Three coordination polymers [Mn(epda)(2,2′-bipy)(H₂O)] (1), [Mn(epda)(phen)] (2), and [Co₂(epda)₂(bpe)₂(H₂O)₄]·5H₂O (3) (H₂epda=5-ethyl-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine, phen=phenanthroline, bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 1 displays a 1D chain structure, and these chains are joined by O—H…O hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions to generate a 2D layer structure. 2 displays a 2D layer structure, and adjacent layers are generated 3D architecture through π-π stacking interactions. 3 displays a 1D chain structure, and adjacent chains are generated double layer structure through O—H…O hydrogen bonding. The fluorescent properties of 1 and 3 indicate that they can potentially be used as a luminescent sensor. 1 was highly selective and sensitive towards o-nitrophenol through different detection mechanisms, however, 3 was highly selective and sensitive towards 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. In addition, the magnetic behavior of 2 has also been investigated.