近年来，国家及有关部门大力打击假冒伪劣产品。因为假冒伪劣产品不仅严重影响着国家的经济发展，还危害着品牌企业及消费者的切身利益，而防伪材料的发展无疑为科学防伪技术提供了有力的支持。本文通过一个小故事对部分重要的防伪材料进行了分类，并分别介绍了几种防伪材料尤其是光学防伪材料的防伪原理和应用前景等。

随着现代生活水平的提高，塑料制品已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。但是塑料污染已成为当下最严峻的环境问题之一，塑料的回收利用是解决这一问题的关键。本文通过科幻故事的方式介绍了一些塑料回收的新技术，引起大家对保护生态环境重视的同时，并对未来塑料回收利用领域的发展进行展望。

烫发是人类追求美好的一种方式，也是现代流行的一种美发技术。本文通过虚拟参观美发展览介绍了烫发简史，头发的化学组成，以及化学烫发的原理，旨在展示化学对人类的重要性，帮助人们辩证理解烫发的利弊，并以正确的态度对待烫发。

植物色素是存在于植物细胞中的天然有机化合物。它们赋予植物五彩斑斓的颜色，在光合作用及其他生理反应过程中发挥着重要作用。本文对植物色素的分类及化学分子结构进行了科普，并介绍了其基本显色机理，引导人们从分子水平上认知绚丽多彩的世界、明确有机化学与植物生理活性的内在联系。

含能材料自出现以来就在民生、国防领域发挥巨大作用。本文作为一篇科普文章，通过拟人的手法，简单介绍了含能材料的基本种类、基本性质，并着重介绍一些重要含能材料的性质和应用。希望能增强读者对含能材料的兴趣，引发读者对含能材料的思考，从而打破对含能材料认知的固有印象。

锂离子电池在人类生产生活中发挥着重要的作用。本文用拟人化的手法，将锂离子化身为小礼，通过讲述小礼上学途中发生的故事，细致地向读者介绍了锂电池的工作原理、活性材料的结构特点以及电池使用过程中安全风险的产生原因和解决方法。

我们以宽带隙聚合物聚(3-己基噻吩) (P3HT)为给体，窄带隙聚合物聚{2, 2'-((2Z, 2'Z)-((12, 13-双(2-癸基十四烷基)-6-(2-乙基己基)-4, 8-二甲基-6, 8, 12, 13-四氢-4氢-苯并[1, 2, 3]三唑并噻吩[2'', 3'': 4', 5']并吡咯[2', 3': 4, 5]并吡咯[3, 2-g]并噻吩[2', 3': 4, 5]并吡咯[3, 2-b]并[4, 5-e]吲哚-2, 10-二基)双(甲烷亚甲基))双(5, 5’-3-氧-2, 3-二氢-1氢-2, 1-二亚基茚))二丙二腈-连-2, 5-二噻吩} (PTz-PT)为受体，研制了基于氧化铟锡(ITO)/聚(3, 4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸) (PEDOT: PSS)/有源层/Al结构的倍增型全聚合物光电探测器(PM-APDs)。我们制备了P3HT : PTz-PT质量比为100 : 1、100 : 4、100 : 7和100 : 10的四种不同比例的二元PM-APDs。在黑暗条件下，由于Al的功函数和P3HT的最高已占据分子轨道(HOMO)之间存在0.8 eV的能级差距，空穴难以从铝电极注入到有源层中。有源层中的PTz-PT含量较低，缺乏连续的电子传输通道，导致有源层的电子传输能力较差。在光照条件下，由于有源层中PTz-PT含量较低，并且P3HT和PTz-PT的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)相差0.84 eV，光生电子会被孤立的PTz-PT捕获。Al电极附近的受陷电子会引起界面能带弯曲，实现空穴隧穿注入，从而导致外量子效率(EQE)值大于100%。在−8 V偏压下，基于P3HT : PTz-PT (100:4 wt/wt)的最优二元PM-APDs在300–1100 nm的光谱范围内具有超过100%的EQE。PM-APDs的EQE光谱形状取决于铝电极附近的受陷电子分布。通过引入聚合物聚(2-(4, 8-双(4-(2-乙基己基)环戊二烯并-1, 3-啶-1-基)苯并[1, 2-b: 4, 5-b']二噻吩-2-基)-5, 5-二氟-10-(5-(2-己基癸基)噻吩-2-基)-3, 7-二甲基-5H-4λ4, 5λ4-二吡咯[1, 2-c: 2', 1'-f][1, 3, 2]二氮杂硼嗪) (PMBBDT)作为第三组分，PM-APDs的EQE光谱形状变得更平坦。我们制备了P3HT : PMBBDT : PTz-PT质量比分别为90 : 10 : 4和80 : 20 : 4的三元PM-APDs。三元PM-APDs的EQE值在420–600 nm的范围内提高，而在630–870 nm的范围内降低。三元PM-APDs具有更平坦的EQE光谱是由于其在Al电极附近的受陷电子分布更均匀。此外，在连续光照和外加偏压的条件下，三元PM-APDs的稳定性高于最优二元PM-APDs。在−12 V偏压下，最优三元PM-APDs的EQE值在350 nm处为3500%，在550 nm处为1250%，在900 nm处为1500%。在−10 V偏压下，最优三元PM-APDs的比探测度(D_shot^*)值在520 nm处为3.7 × 10¹² Jones，在850 nm处为1.9 × 10¹³ Jones。最优三元PM-APDs在−10 V偏压下被白光连续照射170 min后，光电流为初始值的87%。我们利用最优三元PM-APDs搭建了光电容积描记(PPG)传感器并成功地测量了人体心率(HR)，测得的HR与人体正常心率相符。

A new metal-organic framework (MOF) {[Cd(L)_0.5(4, 4'-bpy)_0.5]·H₂O}_n (1), where H₄L=(1, 1': 4', 1″-terphenyl)-2, 2″, 4, 4″-tetracarboxylic acid, 4, 4'-bpy=4, 4'-bipyridine, was synthesized by hydro-solvothermal method. The structure of complex 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectrum analysis. The analysis of single crystal structure shows that 1 is a 3D structure, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, C2/c space group. Cd(Ⅱ) connects L^4- and 4, 4'-bpy to form a 2D plane structure, and the layers are connected by L^4- to form a 3D network structure. The MOF shows good stability and can be used for the detection of tetracycline (TET) and p-nitrophenol (4-NP) by fluorescence quenching. The detection limits of TET and 4-NP were 0.15 and 0.062 μmol·L^-1, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of 1 was also studied. 1 can be successfully applied to the determination of TET and 4-NP content in Yanhe water samples.

Based on the 5-(3, 4-dicarboxyphenoxy) isophthalic acid (H₄dppa) ligand, two lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis: {(dima)[Dy(dppa)(H₂O)₂]·2.5H₂O}_n (Dy - MOF) and {(dima) [Eu(dppa) (H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O}_n (Eu - MOF) (dima=dimethylamine cation). The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, etc. Dy-MOF and Eu- MOF are hetero-isomorphic 2D network structures, and adjacent 2D networks further form 3D supramolecular network structures through hydrogen bonding. Fluorescence analysis shows that Dy-MOF and Eu-MOF have excellent fluorescence properties at room temperature, and Dy-MOF has excellent fluorescence sensing properties, which can efficiently and high-sensitively detect a variety of pollutants in water: aniline (ANI), nitrobenzene (NB), tetracycline (TC), pyrimethanil (PTH), and tryptophan (Trp). The fluorescence quenching mechanism of Dy-MOF in detecting pollutants was also investigated.

Three coordination polymers [Mn(epda)(2,2′-bipy)(H₂O)] (1), [Mn(epda)(phen)] (2), and [Co₂(epda)₂(bpe)₂(H₂O)₄]·5H₂O (3) (H₂epda=5-ethyl-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine, phen=phenanthroline, bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 1 displays a 1D chain structure, and these chains are joined by O—H…O hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions to generate a 2D layer structure. 2 displays a 2D layer structure, and adjacent layers are generated 3D architecture through π-π stacking interactions. 3 displays a 1D chain structure, and adjacent chains are generated double layer structure through O—H…O hydrogen bonding. The fluorescent properties of 1 and 3 indicate that they can potentially be used as a luminescent sensor. 1 was highly selective and sensitive towards o-nitrophenol through different detection mechanisms, however, 3 was highly selective and sensitive towards 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. In addition, the magnetic behavior of 2 has also been investigated.