设计并合成了一种以磁性纳米粒子为核，聚合物为中间层，金属有机骨架材料为外层的三层结构磁性复合材料(Fe₃O₄@PAA@ZIF-8)。首先利用溶剂热法制备Fe₃O₄纳米粒子，然后通过蒸馏沉淀聚合法在Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面包覆聚丙烯酸(PAA)层，最后通过原位沉积法在PAA外部包覆ZIF-8。在对Fe₃O₄@PAA@ZIF-8的组成和结构进行表征的基础上，深入研究其对孔雀石绿(MG)的吸附性能。透射电子显微镜(TEM)显示Fe₃O₄@PAA@ZIF-8具有明显的三层结构，Fe₃O₄的平均粒径为117 nm，PAA层厚度约为17 nm，ZIF-8层的厚度约为14 nm。Fe₃O₄@PAA@ZIF-8对MG的吸附量随着pH的升高而增大，吸附过程符合准二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。此外，Fe₃O₄@PAA@ZIF-8还表现出良好的重复利用性能，8次循环利用后对MG (500 mg·L^-1)的最大吸附量仍可达982 mg·g^-1。

To address the lack of systematic studies on heavy metal fluorescent probes in typical buffer solutions, this study developed a Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ fluorescent probe, DHU-NP-4, based on a naphthalimide fluorophore. Comparative analysis of the probe's performance in various buffer systems revealed that buffers with high organic content are unsuitable for evaluating such probes. Furthermore, the pH of the solvent system was found to significantly influence the probe's behavior. Under highly acidic conditions (pH≥2), DHU-NP-4 exhibited exceptional specificity for Fe³⁺, while in alkaline conditions, it demonstrated high specificity for Cu²⁺. Leveraging these properties, the probe enabled the quantitative detection of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ in solution.