源起于发霉甜苜蓿，脱胎于生化实验室，华法林先生起初作为一种强力灭鼠毒药大杀四方。然而，在进入医药领域的道路上，他却因毒药的身份标签和种种流言而饱受质疑和反对。科学家们揭示了华法林抗凝血的机制，并证明了华法林抗凝治疗对患者的益处。从此，华法林先生以及他的衍生物们成为了抗凝治疗和防治鼠害的前线战士。

皮克林乳液——一种由胶体尺寸固体颗粒稳定水油界面所形成的乳液——是科学研究和生活生产的热点话题。本文对“皮克林乳液”这一概念进行科普，介绍了传统乳液和皮克林乳液的基本概念、形成原理、制备方法、实验室表征结果及在光催化等领域的应用等，让大学生、青少年、幼小学生乃至社会大众通过皮克林乳液体会化学之美和化学之趣。

用于海水脱盐的太阳能界面蒸发装置因其绿色环保、简单高效以及适用范围广等优点，受到了广泛关注。与传统的体积式蒸发装置不同，太阳能界面蒸发装置将太阳光的收集和蒸汽的产生锁定在空气-水的界面，无需从底部加热整体水来产生蒸汽，极大提高了能源利用效率。本文详细介绍了太阳能界面水蒸发装置的重要组成部分——光热材料的光热转换机理、材料种类以及材料的性能；探讨了高效海水净化太阳能蒸发装置的设计策略(增强光吸收、充足水供应、耐盐排盐等)。在此基础上，总结了基于界面蒸发中的太阳能蒸发装置的研究进展，展望了新型太阳能蒸发装置在海水净化领域的发展前景。

A 3D nitrogen-doped graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (CS-GO-NCNT) crosslinked network material was successfully synthesized utilizing chitosan and melamine as carbon and nitrogen sources, concomitant with the incorporation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and employing freeze drying technology. The material amalgamates the merits of 1D/2D hybrid carbon materials, wherein 1D carbon nanotubes confer robustness and expedited electron transport pathways, while 2D graphene sheets facilitate rapid ion migration. Furthermore, the introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms serves to furnish additional active sites for lithium storage. When served as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the CS-GO-NCNT electrode delivered a reversible capacity surpassing 500 mAh·g^-1, markedly outperforming commercial graphite anodes. Even after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1 A·g^-1, it remained a reversible capacity of up to 268 mAh·g^-1.

采用一种简单的策略，以未去除模板剂的原粉介孔二氧化硅KIT-6(TOK)为载体，利用模板剂和二氧化硅壁之间的限阈空间来制备单原子催化剂(SACs)。通过固相研磨将含Mn前驱体引入TOK的固有限阈空间后，Mn SACs可在热处理过程中迅速生成。密度泛函理论计算和实验数据表明，Mn原子被载体上的Si—OH基团所锚定，并以Mn—O—Si的形式存在。将得到的Mn SACs应用于电催化析氧反应，实验结果显示，与在没有限阈空间载体中合成的对比样品相比，Mn SACs表现出更出色的催化性能。

A novel porous silicon composite material (pSi/Ge@Gr/CNTs) was successfully fabricated by utilizing high-energy ball milling and electrostatic assembly techniques. This material starts with a commercial Al₆₀Si₄₀ alloy as the raw material. Through a simple acid etching process, a porous silicon (pSi) matrix was produced. Germanium (Ge) was then introduced into the matrix via ball milling. Finally, with the aid of electrostatic assembly, a dual coating of graphene (Gr) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was achieved, endowing the material with a unique structure. The incorporation of Ge introduction effectively augments the conductivity and ion transport characteristics of pSi, substantially bolstering the reversible capacity of the entire electrode. The hybrid encapsulation with Gr and CNTs further fortifies the stability, mechanical robustness, and electrical conductivity of the electrode. When utilized as anodes in LIBs, the pSi/Ge@Gr/CNTs electrode demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving a reversible discharge specific capacity exceeding 700 mAh·g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A·g^-1, accompanied by a remarkably enhanced rate performance.